Over time, the Shell of Arg square, has undergone some structural changes. So far the Arg square has not been represented. Representation and shape analysis of the Shell components of the Square can reveal the characteristics of the square. Understanding the components of the shell can be one of the suitable solutions for the rehabilitation of the elements of this valuable square. The size and shape of the frames, openings and porches have been directly influenced by the formation of the final form of the historical Arg square. The authors have focused on the historical characteristics and the process of forming the adjacent set of square and passages; In this paper, for the first time, the shell representation of the Arg Square will be analyzed. This paper seeks to examine the role of the elements forming the final form of the Arg square shells. In this research, using Descriptive-analytical method, comparative analysis and comparison of field wall components is performed. The research data were analyzed by field study and library studies. The results indicate that in shaping the Arg square shells in different periods From the Nasserian period to the early Pahlavi period, of frames, openings and porches with rhythm and their joint combinations are used together.

Statement of problem: Naghsh-e Jahan square has been formed as a prominent urban space in Isfahan with the interaction of economic-residential, religious, and governmental sectors in the Safavid period. This square has entrances to connect with each other. One of this square’ s routes was toward governmental part is the gate known as Khorshid. The study of this gate helps to identify the uses around the square, spatial relationships, and hierarchy of access during the history. Some researchers study the transformations in square and evaluate Naghsh-e Jahan square. This research reviews the Khorshid gate for the first time based on the historical-Descriptive and visual Documents of Safavid era until first Pahlavi period. Methodology: this research has used library and field data. By evaluating the Descriptive and visual Documents of different historical periods and present condition, the evolution process of gate was determined from Safavid era until the collapse of Pahlavi. Purpose: This research aims to explain the evolution process and the use of the Khorshid gate from Safavid period until today by evaluating available historical-Descriptive and image document. Conclusion: the evaluations revealed that in Safavid period, the given gate with three other similar gates, have been the entrance of king’ s seraglio but the Khorshid gate alone connected the seraglio’ s passage to the western side of Naghsh-e Jahan square. Visual Documents also showed that this faç ade, as some other royal gates of Safavid period, has been two flats building with center doorway and false arches on both sides. In Qajar period, by destroying seraglio, the given gate has been used just as the entry of Khorshid gate. In the first Pahlavi period, this gate was destroyed and it is in the same situation until today.

During the Safavid era, many important and marvelous mansions and government monuments were built. Unfortunately, after the rule of new governors in Isfahan, most of these buildings were demolished and destructed; hence there is no trace of these glorious monuments, such as Tavileh Hall. In this study, for the first time, Descriptive and visual Documents of the Tavileh Hall mansion, in the Shahi neighborhood in Isfahan, is collected and analyzed. Analysis and comparison of historical Documents and itineraries result in the definition of the location, design, and structure of the building. The results of this study are used to recreate a 3D model the Tavileh Hall. Developing the model, besides in-depth analysis of the Documents, reveals more details of the building, such as physical structure, dimensional characteristics and spatial usage of the Tavileh Hall.

According to the available evidence and Documents, during the Safavid period, many gardens were built in Isfahan, of which only their names have remained today. The Hezar Jarib garden is one of the most famous of these gardens. This garden is located in the south of Zayandehrood river and at the foot of the Sofeh mountain. Today, the University of Isfahan and parts of one of the urban neighborhoods (Mardavij) are built on its remnants. To introduce its characteristics, the study of this garden helps better understand some of the values of ancient Iranian garden building. In this regard, Descriptive and illustrative Documents can be a solution to analyze the physical characteristics of the Hezar Jarib garden at the time of its prosperity. Many tourists in different periods have described this garden in terms of architecture and its events during its prosperity and deterioration. For the first time, this research tries to comprehensively represent the framework of the Hezar Jarib garden and its elements. On the other hand, the irrigation method of this garden will be revealed in the process of its visual representation. Descriptive and illustrative Documents perform this modeling. Field studies also revealed some of the unknowns of the garden over time. The purpose of this article is to represent the transformation of this garden over time. The findings are based on the four primary systems of the Persian garden; Roads, plants, buildings, and water. With the analysis of the spatial relationship of different parts of the Hezar Jarib garden, the ratio of void and solid spaces, the number of surfaces, and the shape of the buildings were obtained. On the other hand, the changes that occurred over time were also revealed.

Analyzing administrative Documents holds significant importance within the realms of archaeology and sociology, akin to the study of other archaeological evidence. These examinations play a pivotal role in reconstructing various systems, encompassing management, social dynamics, economic structures, and political frameworks. Delving into administrative management within prehistoric societies unveils the intricate social intricacies and the supervision exercised by a designated leader or head over a subordinate group, representing an internal control mechanism. Notably, seals, impressions on seals, and diverse accounting artifacts serve as pivotal administrative Documents. However, the exploration and investigation of such cultural data in northwestern Iran remain relatively scarce. Therefore, the current study endeavors to present, evaluate, and scrutinize the administrative records of Chalcolithic societies in northwestern Iran, employing a Descriptive-analytical approach. Numerous inquiries persist without resolution regarding the administrative records and evidence pertaining to the later prehistory of northwest Iran. Ambiguity surrounds the quantification of Chalcolithic administrative Documents within this region. Furthermore, the methodology for analyzing and evaluating the ownership and managerial evidence from the later prehistoric era in this area remains unclear. Addressing these uncertainties can establish a definitive framework and a solid foundation for investigating these matters in northwest Iran. Leveraging administrative data obtained from various sites including Tepe Chay Khoy, Chakhmaqluq, Tepe Kulyeri (Tepe Caravanserai), Sohachay Tepe, and others, the authors conduct an assessment of managerial evidence in the northwestern region of Iran. Furthermore, utilizing extant cultural artifacts and drawing upon the outcomes of prior studies facilitates an exploration into phenomena such as long-distance trade, economic endeavors, social intricacies, and cultural exchanges with neighboring areas

Historical bridges of Iran, as well as other artifacts of traditional societies, in addition to their function, are the place for the crystallization and transfer of implicit concepts in the worldview of its creators. Khaju Bridge had the role of a dam and was a strain among the most beautiful bridges of the Safavid era. For this reason, along with the Isfahan bridges, Khaju Bridge’s structure is different from other bridges. This study attempts to answer the question of how was the construction of the Khaju Bridge at different times. The impetus behind the paper is to reconstruct the original structure of the Khaju Bridge based on data gathered from Descriptive and visual Documents in different periods and provide a general understanding of the Khaju Bridge from the beginning of its existence to the present time. This research analyzes the images and Documents to find out the components of construction. This research was carried out using a comparative study method based on library and field studies. This research is the first attempt which reveal the original image of the Khaju Bridge and its form and shape over time.

Bāgh-e Zereshk entrance was a distinctive building of the Safavid, which was located in the southern part of Isfahan’s Chāhār Bāgh axis and deteriorated over time. An examination of travelogues, newspapers, historical books, pictures, maps, and historical images can be directly influential in retrieving the monumental architecture of the Safavid Chāhār Bāgh in Isfahan. Other researchers have examined Chāhār Bāgh axis from such perspectives as the analysis of the urbanization principles of the axis according to the design system of the garden city. However, the present study attempts to investigate some of the characteristics of the axis’ urban body structure by retrieving the architecture of its surrounding garden entrances. Therefore, this study is the first to retrieve the map of Bāgh-e Zereshk entrance by employing, comparing, and analyzing Descriptive and illustrative Documents. The investigations revealed part of the characteristics of this building including the shape of the plan, the number of floors, the height of the building, characteristics of the elevation (components and materials), location, and its connection to urban elements of Chāhār Bāgh-e Bālā axis. Moreover, the evolution of the building (construction, restoration, and destruction) and its application (residential and office-related) based on Bāgh-e Zereshk’s ownership system and its being influenced by the function of Chāhār Bāgh-e Bālā axis from the Safavid period up to the present time were investigated. It was revealed that after three decades, the building was deteriorated by the end of the Qajar period as a result of decay and disrepair. The present procedure can be used in retrieving the form characteristics of other architectural buildings located in Chāhār Bāgh historical axis.

Transmission of electronic Documents like: Bills of exchange, promissory notes, currency transfers and contracts have been commonly used through corresponding establishments (e.g. SWIFT) in Europe, the United States and even in Asia. This evolution faces the challenge of digital technology towards communication of intention and will as well as contract formation in private law because of the potential of error in computer systems. So, no coordination of offer and acceptance will be possible. Presently, the scope of electronic commerce regulations in international commerce affairs has been developing and moving towards uniformity. So, considering and analyzing digital. technology beside the private law is necessary. And, we can use the fundamental principles and certainty of private law to interpret and comment on contracts in the case of differences and conflicts derived from the rules of electronic and private law.      

Problem statement: Sheikh Lotfollah is a prominent building that dates back to the Safavid era. In different periods, various interventions have changed some parts of the building’s original form. Despite the international value of the Sheikh Lotfollah monument, no complete documentation of its changes and interventions has been carried out so far. Revealing hidden and undiscovered aspects of the form and function of Sheikh Lotfollah can identify any inappropriate interventions done in the past. On the other hand, it can pave the way to preserve this building for posterity. Research objective: This article aims to display the transformations of unique and little-known features of Sheikh Lotfollah for the first time. Research method: This research attempted to present the transformation process of this building by analyzing related Descriptive and visual Documents in the order of the year. In addition, some of the unwritten features of Sheikh Lotfollah were documented by interviewing people who had been involved in its conservation from the past until now. Moreover, the main part of this research was done with a detailed field survey of each part of this building. Ultimately, all the analyses were implemented on the maps. Conclusion: This research revealed that some sections of Sheikh Lotfollah were separated from it over time and dedicated to other functions. Consequently, the changes in the access point to the building brought about changes in the original plan of the building. It is noteworthy that there have been many other changes in the facade and form of the building.

Under Qajar dynasty, Azerbaijan state was a princedom. It had a small governmental system, similar to Tehran government house (Darol-khalafe), which was a kingdom and was called royal house (Darol-saltaneh). The entourages of the crown prince comprised of other princes or the people possessed high positions in the government. Under the crown princedom of Mozafaredin Mirza, among whom, who processed high positions, Hamze Mirza Heshmatoldoleh, Naseredin Shah’s uncle, and prince Malek Qasem Mirza, the 70th son of FathAli Shah, could be named. Due to being in the neighborhood of the great governments of the time, Russia and Osmani, the capital city of Azerbaijan state, that was Tabriz royal house, had grave importance. Such was this importance that, while in other important cities the foreign countries consuls were employed, in Tabriz general consuls pursuit the benefits of their own countries.A glance at the lives of these privileged high position people, who seated at royal house, as well as other government agents, clarifies the interesting point that they were usually under the debt of foreigner citizens, who resided in Azerbaijan. They borrowed money from them, gave them the receipt and, as they were unable to pay their debt back on due time, the discount rate would add to the amount of the money they had borrowed and would increase their debt. It’s also notable that, in the case that the obligor high position person died or was called to some other city, according to the treaties the government had concluded with those countries, the tax office (divankhane), which was responsible to gather the taxes and to manage the country budget and financial affairs, was obliged to pay back the debts to foreigner citizens.Following, I have presented three Documents belonging to those days, so that the readers can judge for themselves.